Northern Virginia Criminal Justice Academy (NVCJA) Practice Exam

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary patterns of fingerprints?

1. Loops

2. Swirls

3. Whorls

4. Arches

The correct answer is: Swirls

The three primary patterns of fingerprints are loops, whorls, and arches. Each of these categories represents a distinct way in which the ridges on a fingertip may be arranged. Loops are characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side, curve around, and exit on the same side. This pattern is the most common among fingerprints. Whorls form circular or spiral patterns, with ridges that make at least one complete turn. They can have different variations, but they all fall under the whorl category. Arches are identified by ridge lines that enter from one side and exit out the other without looping back. They create a wave-like structure. Swirls, on the other hand, are not recognized as a primary fingerprint pattern. While they may describe the appearance of certain fingerprints informally, they do not fit into the scientific classification of loops, whorls, or arches. This classification is important in the field of fingerprint identification, where accuracy in terminology ensures clear communication and understanding among professionals.